Seeing an all-white animal in the wild is always a wonderful treat, as the uncommon is most sought after. Albinism is a naturally occurring mutation that can occur in many species, including humans. So what causes albinism, and how does it affect the lives wild animals?
What is Albinism?
Albinism is caused by mutated genes which prevent the development of melanin. Melanin is responsible for the coloration in an individual's hair, skin, and eyes. It is also important in the development and function of certain nerves in the eyes. Many albino animal's eyes are hindered by this trait, and their eyesight is greatly decreased.
On the flip side, there is also a trait for all-black, melanism. This is hereditary, and can be found in amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
How Does it Affect Animals?
One of the biggest downsides to albinism is the loss of the ability to camouflage. This is especially detrimental to prey animals such as squirrels and rabbits. In addition to this, many albino animals suffer from poor eyesight and have issues hunting. However, it is still possible for albino animals to survive, evidenced by a community of albino squirrels in Olney, Illinois.
How Does it Affect Humans?
Just like animals, humans can suffer eyesight issues because of albinism, which also hinders the development of melanin in skin, leading to higher chance of melanoma. Thankfully, we are no longer in danger of being hunted, so survival in the wild is not an issue.
Albinism in the Pet Trade
Though albinism can be detrimental to wild animals, it is a sought-after trade for breeders. From frogs, snakes, mice, rats, and cats, albinism is a selling point for many people. Having a unique pet is appealing, and the variety of morphs you can find for a single animal is endless.
Written by: Mackenzie Pritchard (@mprtchard)
Works Cited
Hall, Jani. “Albino Animals - Facts and Information.” Animals, National Geographic, 3 May 2021, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/article/albino-animals.
“What Makes an Animal Albino?” Iowa Department of Natural Resources, https://www.iowadnr.gov/About-DNR/DNR-News-Releases/ArticleID/2711/What-makes-an-animal-albino.
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